CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
( IF CLAUSES )
Bir conditional sentence’de iki clause (cümlecik) vardır :
|
Subordinate Clause
|
Main Clause
|
|
İf you study a lot
|
You will get high marks
|
If clauses 4 grupta incelenebilir
1 . Zero Type :If a man eats a lot, he gets fat . (general truth or fact)
2. Type One : If you go to the party, you can see her . (real conditions / present or future meaning)
3. Type Two : If I were you, I wouldn’t drive so fast . (unreal conditions / present or future meaning)
4. Type Three : If she had studied a lot, she could pass . (unreal conditions / past meaning)
ZERO TYPE
Genel bir doğru yada gerçeklik ifade eder . Cümlenin her iki clause’ı da Simple Present Tense’dir .
If you heat water it boils .
S.Pres.T. S.Pres.T.
If you commit a crime, you are punished .
If we freze water, it becomes ice .
If you cut your finger, it bleeds .
TYPE ONE
İçinde bulunduğumuz anda; mevcut, gerçek, tahmin edilebilen durumları anlatmak için kullanılır .
If my father gives me Money, I’ll buy that camera . ( Perhaps he’ll give me the money )
Subordinate Clause Main Clause
if + Simple Present Tense S + will + V 1 + O If you see Ali, he will tell you something S + can + V 1 + O If Ali earns enough money, he can buy a car .
S + may + V 1+ O If I have a new car, I may let you drive it .
S + must + V 1 + O If Ayşe gets worse, she must see a doctor .
S + have to + V 1 + O If you lose your ID card, you have to get a new one
S + should + V 1 + O If you have a headache, you should get an asprin.
if + Present Perfect Tense V 1 + O (imperative) If you see the red light, stop (don’t walk) .
TYPE TWO
İçinde bulunduğumuz anda; mevcut, gerçek olmayan ancak gelecekte değişebilecek durumları anlatmak için kullanılır .
If she had a better dress, she wouldn’t wear that dress . ( She will wear that dress because she doesn’t have a better one . )
Subordinate Clause Main Clause
if + Simple Past Tense , S + would + V 1 + O If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new house . S + could + V 1+ O If Jim weren’t so busy, he could help us .
S + might + V 1+ O If it wasn’t rainy, we might go to the picnic .
S + had to + V 1+ O If she didn’t have a car, she had to walk to work .
TYPE THREE
Bir olay geçmişte gerçekleşmediği için ona bağlı bir olay da yapılmamıştır.
If I had worn my raincoat, I wouldn’t have caught a cold . ( I didn’t wear my raincoat and caught a cold )
Subordinate Clause Main Clause
if + Past Perfect Tense , S + would have + V 3 + O
If you hadn’t gone to bed so late, you wouldn’t have overslept .
S + could have + V 3 + O
If she had given importance to Money, she could have been much more richer .
S + might have + V 3 + O
If we had asked her, she might have helped us with our homework .
S + should have + V 3 + O
If she hadn’t passed her class, she should have attended to the summer school .
UNLESS
“If not” anlamına gelir. Yapı olarak olumlu cümlelerde kullanılır ama olumsuz bir anlam taşır. Tüm Type’larda kullanılır.
0 – Unless you commit a crime, you aren’t punished . ( If you don’t commit a crime, …………..)
1 – Unless you buy a ticket, you can’t get on the bus . (If you don’t buy a ticket, ………………..)
2 – Unless I had a computer, I couldn’t surf on Internet . ( If I didn’t have a computer, ………….…)
3 – Unless she had seen the doctor, she would have been cancer. ( If she hadn’t seen the doctor, ……….….)
